Investment and Portfolio Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Investment and Portfolio Management - Essay Example The political turmoil in Libya is one of the most crucial among them. Asian markets were one of the most performing ones in the year 2010. The political unrest in Libya has casted a significant impact on the performance of Asian markets. â€Å"Asian currencies completed a weekly decline, led by the Taiwan dollar and South Korea’s won, as an uprising in Libya pushed up oil prices and sapped demand for emerging-market assets.† (Teso, 2011) Due to the serious political unrest in Libya crude oil climbed at a higher rate to $103.41 a barrel. This lead to fall of many Asian stocks as investors withdrew much higher than before. The situation impacted the currency market more than the stocks. It is very much evident that crude oil prices are one of the most important elements of market movement. Many developing nations’ market, especially in Asia is highly depended on the crude oil prices. Therefore, the future of Libya crisis is one of the most important concerns for in vestors across the world. Environmental issues: One of the greatest environmental factors that had affected the market recently is the earthquake in Japan. The fact that Japan is the world’s third largest economy will make the impact even worse. â€Å"The most direct impact is likely to be seen in Japanese exporters, like Honda, Toyota and Sony, whose production facilities will face disruption in the coming days.† (Schlesinger, 2011) Apart from the impact on major Japanese Automakers, the earthquake will impact the liquidity of many insurance companies. All largest insurance companies in Japan will be impacted heavily as they will now have to fund the insurers. As Japan is one of the largest economies in the world, big companies from across the world... This essay stresses that based on the analysis the above three are some of the alternative strategies for Philip Capital. All the three portfolios have their own unique nature. The first strategy is moderate as it has equal distribution of equity and other instruments. The second strategy is aggressive in which the percentage of equity is higher. The third strategy is mainly aimed at risk reduction. On a growth perspective, alternatives 1 and 2 are the best for Philip Capital. Philip Capital should still make a decision about where they should make and active investment and where they should make a passive investment. Generally speaking a passive strategy is useful when the broader market is expected to perform well compared to performance of individual stocks or sectors. The report has given a deep insight into the current issues in investment environment. Investment environment will always be prone to some challenges. The winners are those who come out of such challenges successfully. In terms of Philip Capital, the challenge is a volatile and unpredictable market situation. Based on the analysis of the market conditions, Philip Capital can adopt the two strategies that are mentioned in the previous section. The existing portfolio of Philip Capital has more than 50% of exposure towards UK equities and debts. This percentage is reduced in the two recommended portfolios because the UK market is not expected to perform well in 2011. Philip Capital will thus have a better return on investment from the new portfolio.

Amanda Todd Story Essay Example for Free

Amanda Todd Story Essay Ive decided to tell you about my never ending story. In 7th grade i would go with friends on web cam meet and talk to new people. then got called stunning,beautiful,perfect,etc. then wanted me to flash. so i did 1 year later. i got a message on facebook. from him don’t know how he knew me. it said.. if you don’t put on a show for me i will send your nudes. he knew my address,school,relatives,friends,family names, Christmas break knock at my door at 4am. it was the police. my photo was sent to everyone. i then got really sick and got anxiety, major depression and panic disorder. i then moved and got into drugs and alcohol. my anxiety got worse couldn’t go out. a year past and the guy came back with my new list of friends and school. but made a facebook page. my nudes were his profile pic. cried every night, lost all my friends and respect people had me for me again.. then nobody liked me. name calling, judged i can never get that photo back. its out there forever i started cutting i promised myself never again didn’t have any friends and i sat at lunch alone. so i moved schools again everything was better even thought i sat still alone. at lunch in the library everyday. after a month later i started talking to an old guy friend. we back and fourth texted and he started to say he liked me.. led me on.. he had a girlfriend.. then he said come over my girlfriend ,is on vacation. So i did.. huge mistake.. he hooked up with me i thought he liked me 1 week later i get a text get out of your school. his girlfriend and 15 others come including himself. the girl and 2 others just said look around nobody likes you. in front of my new school 50 people. a guy than yelled just punch her already. so she did.. she threw me to the ground and punched me several times. kids filmed it. i was all alone and left on the ground. i felt like a joke in this world.. i thought nobody deserves this. i was alone .. i lied and said it was my fault and my idea. i didn’t want him getting hurt, i thought he really liked me. but he just wanted the sex.. someone yelled punch her already. teachers ran over but i just went and layed in a ditch and my dad found me. i wanted to die so bad when he brought me home i drank bleach.. it killed me inside and i thought i was gonna actually die. Ambulance came and brought me to the hospital and flushed me. After i got home all i saw was on face book. She deserved it, did you wash the mud out of your hair? i hope shes dead. nobody cared.. i moved away to another city to my moms. Another school.. i didn’t  wanna press charges because i wanted to move on. 6 months has gone by people are posting pics of bleach, clorex and ditches. tagging me .. i was dang a lot better too they said.. she should try a different bleach. i hope she dies this time and isn’t so stupid. they said i hope she sees this and kills herself.. Why do i get this? i messed up but why follow me.. i left your guys city.. im constantly crying now..everyday i think why am i still here? My anxiety is horrible now.. never went out this summer. All from my pastlife’s never getting better.. cant go to school. Meet or be with people constantly cutting. Im really depressed. Im on anti depressants now. and counselling and a month ago this summer. i overdosed in hospital for 2 days..Im stuck.. whats left of me now.. nothing stops. i have nobody.. i need someone. my name is Amanda Todd. Summarize What kind of person would bully a kid online? What kind of person ridicules a child’s memory even after she took her own life. after 3 years of hell. began with a 12 year old and a web cam. Her name was Amanda Todd. After 3 years of hell, dealing with negative/rude comments telling her to kill herself, she decided it was time. Before she killed herself, she attempted to kill herself two other times, the one time she tryed to drink bleach thinking that it’ll kill her instantly, but it didnt, the other time she started cutting herself and overdosing on drugs. Then a month before she committed suicide she posted a youtube video of what she was going through. After reading most of the rude comments on the video, she thought that why am i still here in this world? Im not wanted. Im worthless, nobody wants me here. After reading all the rude comments she finally committed suicide after 3 long years of hell. On Wednesday October 10th 2012 Amanda Todd was found dead! She finally gave up on life and finally committed suicide.

Oliver Cromwell Essay -- Biography

A strong man, with skillful military ability, helped to construct a plan to overthrow King Charles I during his reign of tyranny (Iggulden, Conn and Iggulden 79). Oliver Cromwell was well-known as one of the most controversial heroes of his time. Cromwell played a big part in the military as a soldier and a general. He was also a part of the English Parliament, which was somewhat corrupt during this time period. Oliver Cromwell was born April 25, 1599, in Huntingdon, England; near the end of the Elizabethan age (Kaplan 5). Cromwell was the son of the wealthy Robert Cromwell and Elizabeth Steward. Oliver was vaguely related to Thomas Cromwell; Henry VIII's minister. His early years were ordinary; he went to Huntingdon Grammar School, and went on to complete his education at Sidney Sussex College (â€Å"Oliver Cromwell†). In the year of 1616 Cromwell attended Sidney Sussex College, where he earned a reputation for his commitment to Puritanism. There he was noted for his enthusiasm for sports and games rather than for his academic abilities. Cromwell's university career was cut short when his father died June 1617 and he returned home to manage his family estate and to look after his widowed mother and seven unmarried sisters (â€Å"Oliver Cromwell†). So during those years he lived in London; where he began drinking and wrenching. Through those years his behavior was very much frowned upon in his society (â€Å"Cromwell: Profiles in Power†). On August 22, 1620, at the age of twenty-one he married Elizabeth Bourchier, the daughter of Sir James Bourchier, a wealthy leather merchant. Oliver and his wife had a total of nine children, only eight of them survived infancy. Robert was the oldest child who was born October 1621, died aged 17 ... ...s power to Cromwell. This is ironic because Cromwell and the Parliament were fighting for equal power. The Parliament easily gave away their power without any disagreements. He had more power than King Charles would have ever hoped to have. Cromwell used the Parliament to his advantage; he influenced Parliament into funding just about everything he wanted to do. During that time Parliament helped to fund English wars and stop royalist rebellions (â€Å"Oliver Cromwell†). Cromwell was an excellent military general but not such a great leader. Oliver Cromwell died September 3, 1658 from malaria (Iggulden, Conn and Iggulden 120). His successor was his fifth son Richard but, his reign did not last long. In 1660 Monarchy returned to England and Charles II the son of Charles I became king. Cromwell’s body was embalmed and was secretly held in Westminster Abbey. Oliver Cromwell Essay -- Biography A strong man, with skillful military ability, helped to construct a plan to overthrow King Charles I during his reign of tyranny (Iggulden, Conn and Iggulden 79). Oliver Cromwell was well-known as one of the most controversial heroes of his time. Cromwell played a big part in the military as a soldier and a general. He was also a part of the English Parliament, which was somewhat corrupt during this time period. Oliver Cromwell was born April 25, 1599, in Huntingdon, England; near the end of the Elizabethan age (Kaplan 5). Cromwell was the son of the wealthy Robert Cromwell and Elizabeth Steward. Oliver was vaguely related to Thomas Cromwell; Henry VIII's minister. His early years were ordinary; he went to Huntingdon Grammar School, and went on to complete his education at Sidney Sussex College (â€Å"Oliver Cromwell†). In the year of 1616 Cromwell attended Sidney Sussex College, where he earned a reputation for his commitment to Puritanism. There he was noted for his enthusiasm for sports and games rather than for his academic abilities. Cromwell's university career was cut short when his father died June 1617 and he returned home to manage his family estate and to look after his widowed mother and seven unmarried sisters (â€Å"Oliver Cromwell†). So during those years he lived in London; where he began drinking and wrenching. Through those years his behavior was very much frowned upon in his society (â€Å"Cromwell: Profiles in Power†). On August 22, 1620, at the age of twenty-one he married Elizabeth Bourchier, the daughter of Sir James Bourchier, a wealthy leather merchant. Oliver and his wife had a total of nine children, only eight of them survived infancy. Robert was the oldest child who was born October 1621, died aged 17 ... ...s power to Cromwell. This is ironic because Cromwell and the Parliament were fighting for equal power. The Parliament easily gave away their power without any disagreements. He had more power than King Charles would have ever hoped to have. Cromwell used the Parliament to his advantage; he influenced Parliament into funding just about everything he wanted to do. During that time Parliament helped to fund English wars and stop royalist rebellions (â€Å"Oliver Cromwell†). Cromwell was an excellent military general but not such a great leader. Oliver Cromwell died September 3, 1658 from malaria (Iggulden, Conn and Iggulden 120). His successor was his fifth son Richard but, his reign did not last long. In 1660 Monarchy returned to England and Charles II the son of Charles I became king. Cromwell’s body was embalmed and was secretly held in Westminster Abbey.

The Gaunilo Argument

To what extent does Gaunilo’s criticism of Anselm’s argument succeed in demonstrating that the argument fails? Gaunilo, a Benedictine monk and contemporary of St Anselm was the first to raise objections to Anselm’s idea that God exists by definition, claiming within â€Å"On behalf of the Fool† that Anselm’s argument was not logical and needed to be discredited. Gaunilo famously claimed that Anselm’s conclusion that the non-existence of God is â€Å"unintelligible† cannot show that God necessarily exists.Firstly, Gaunilo argued that the â€Å"fool† character featured in Psalm 53:1 may have been referring not only to God but to any number of other things that do not exist in reality. Gaunilo utilizes the example of someone hearing about a person from gossip; he suggested that the gossip was unreliable and the person and event were made up to trick you. As an idea later developed by Middle Age philosophers who believed you cannot prove from what is said (de dicto) what exists in reality (de re), Gaunilo argued that you cannot define the concept of â€Å"God† into existence.The most famous argument posed by Gaunilo was that of a perfect island which can replace the idea of God in the Ontological argument. Gaunilo argued that anyone can think of the most perfect paradise island for the notion of â€Å"the most perfect island† exists as a concept in our understanding. Gaunilo developed his argument by employing Anselm’s logic to say that for such an island to exist in our minds means that this is inferior to the same island existing in reality. The island must therefore exist in reality as it cannot possess the inferiority that comes from it being only a concept if it is to be â€Å"the most perfect island†.While the most perfect island can be conceived of, this does not mean it exists; we cannot bring something into existence just be defining it as superlative. Furthermore, Gaunilo concluded that Anselm cannot demonstrate that the idea of God as the greatest possible being means that God exists in reality. â€Å"When someone tells me there is such an island, I easily understand what is being said†¦however, he does on to say†¦this island†¦actually exists somewhere in reality†¦I would think he were joking†. John Hick 1990) Despite the blatant credibility of this argument recognized by Anselm who went on to including it in later versions of his own book, Anslem was able to respond to the argument using the claim that God’s existence is necessary. Anslem argued that though Gaunilo was right in the case of the island, the same objections were not valid when the ontological argument was used of God, because the island has contingent existence, whereas God’s existence is necessary.The ontological argument remains credible, Anselm argued, because it applies only to God who exists necessarily and uniquely. Within his â€Å"Libe r Apologeticus Contra Guanilonem†, Anselm rejects Gaunilo’s argument that the island’s existence can be proved from the idea of it alone for the island is not a thing which can be conceived not to exist. Moreover, philosopher Alvin Plantinga suggested that Anselm could also argue that there is no â€Å"intrinsic maximum† to the qualities of scenery that the Gaunilo’s island could have; however great an island is, there could always be one better.Further discrediting the argument posed by Gaunilo, both St Thomas Aquinas and Kant have posed more successful and valid arguments in response to Anselm’s ontological argument. St Thomas Aquinas, unlike Gaunilo, seeks to undermine Anselm’s â€Å"faith seeking understanding† as he was firmly convinced of the existence of God himself. Aquinas rejected the claim that the existence of God is self-evident; human beings cannot fully understand the nature of God, thus â€Å"God exists† i s not an analytic statement.Although we are able to approach an understanding of God, God will always remain unknowable to the finite human mind; â€Å"now because we do not know the essence of God, the proposition is not self-evident to us, but needs to be demonstrated by things that are more known to us† (Summa Theologiae, 1a). Aquinas used the example of the existence of truth to support his argument, suggesting that no one would be able to accept the truth of the statement â€Å"truth does not exist† unless truth actually existed.Though it is impossible to have a mental concept of the non-existence of truth, it is not a contradiction to have a mental concept of the non-existence of God, because people are able to, including the fool who says â€Å"there is no God†. Kant’s argument in opposition to Anslem’s ontological argument stands as more credible than that posed by Gaunilo as it successfully reputed the argument, diminishing the extent to w hich the ontological argument is arguably still valid. Kant argued that â€Å"existence is not a predicate† for it does not tell us anything about that object that would help us to identify it in any way.When we are thinking of God we are thinking of a concept and whether this concept is actualized cannot be resolved simply be adding â€Å"existence† to the different predicates ascribing to the concept. Though the argument could be responded to with the knowledge that whilst everything exists contingently, God exists necessarily and this necessary existence can only be a predicate of God, a sceptic could easily counter this argument by pointing out the circular nature of the ontological argument for we must accept that God exists necessarily in order to come to the conclusion that God exists necessarily.Though Gaunilo’s argument still holds some value as it could be employed by an atheist to support their opposition to the theory, the ease by which Anselm was ab le to counter the argument limits its success in demonstrating the failure of the ontological argument. Later arguments posed by Aquinas and Kant further limit the extent to which Gaunilo’s argument is still credible as they offer more successful and more widely accepted oppositions to the ontological argument, posing questions which could not be so easily countered by a response from Anselm. Beth Albuery

Great Expectation Essay

Great Expectations is a novel by Charles Dickens. It was first published in serial form in the publication All the Year Round[1] from 1 December 1860 to August 1861. It has been adapted for stage and screen over 250 times. [2] Great Expectations is written in the style of bildungsroman, which follows the story of a man or woman in their quest for maturity, usually starting from childhood and ending in the main character’s eventual adulthood. Great Expectations is the story of the orphan Pip, writing about his life and attempting to become a gentleman along the way. The novel can also be considered semi-autobiographical of Dickens, like much of his work, drawing on his experiences of life and people. The main plot of Great Expectations takes place between Christmas Eve 1812, when the protagonist is about seven years old (and which happens to be the year of Dickens’ birth), and the winter of 1840. [3] On Christmas Eve of 1812, Pip,a boy aged 7, encounters an escaped convict in the village churchyard while visiting his mother and father’s graves. The convict scares Pip into stealing food for him and a file to grind away his leg shackles. He threatens Pip not to tell anyone and do as he says or his friend will cut out Pip’s heart. Pip returns home, where he lives with Mrs. Joe, his older sister, and her husband Joe Gargery. His sister is very cruel and beats him and Joe regularly, while Joe is much more kind to Pip. Early the next morning, Pip steals food and drink from the Gargery pantry (including a pie for their Christmas feast) and sneaks out to the graveyard. It is the first time in Pip’s life he’s felt truly guilty. This is an important event in the book because the convict will never forget the kindness (albeit forced) that Pip showed to him. The convict, however, waits many years to fully show his gratitude. During Christmas dinner with the minister, Mr. Wopsle, Mr. and Mrs. Hubble, and Uncle Pumblechook, Pip and Mrs. Joe’s moderately wealthy uncle, no one notices the missing food or brandy until Uncle Pumblechook drinks some brandy and spits it out. Pip realizes that he filled the brandy jug not with water, but with tar water. Pip sits at the table being told how lucky he is by all the relatives and holds on to the dining table leg for dear life, scared that someone will notice the missing pie. When Mrs. Joe gets up and goes to the kitchen for the pie, Pip bolts to the door. However, his way is blocked by police officers. They ask Joe to repair their handcuffs and invite Joe, Pip and Mr. Wopsle to come with them to hunt for some escaped prisoners from the local jail. As they hunt through the marshes outside the village, they accost the two convicts while engaged in a fight. One of them is the convict helped by Pip; however, when questioned about where he got the food and file, he claims he stole the items himself in order to shield Pip. The police take the two to the Hulk, a giant prison ship, and Pip is carried home by Joe, where they finish Christmas dinner. A while after Pip’s encounter with the convict, Pip’s life returns to normal. He goes to school, run by Mr. Wopsle’s great-aunt, and becomes friends with Biddy, an orphan who was adopted by the Wopsles. He still feels guilty for the theft. Pip’s Uncle Pumblechook gets Pip invited to the house of a rich old woman named Miss Havisham, who lives in the village in Satis House. Miss Havisham is a spinster who wears an old wedding dress with one shoe on and has all the house clocks stopped at 20 minutes to nine. She hasn’t seen sunlight in years and claims to have a broken heart and just wants to see Pip play cards with Estella, a young girl she has adopted. After this first meeting, Pip frequently visits Miss Havisham and Estella, for whom he harbours a feeling of obsessive attraction. He begins to tenaciously learn everything he can from Biddy in school, in an effort to impress Estella who called him a common labouring boy. One day, when Pip goes to the town pub to pick up Joe, they are approached by a messenger sent by Pip’s convict. He mixes his drink with the stolen file and gives Pip two pounds before leaving. Pip visits Miss Havisham on her birthday where she shows him her wedding cake, which is being eaten by mice, and where she will be laid out when she is dead, a death she looks forward to. He also meets the Pockets. Pip works with Joe for a few years in the forge, doing work that he hates. In an agreement with Joe, he visits Miss Havisham only on his birthday, when he receives a half-holiday. He and Joe work with a journeyman named Orlick. When he returns home, he discovers that Mrs. Joe had been attacked. She becomes a horribly brain-damaged invalid. Pip feels guilty again when the police believe escaped criminals attacked Mrs. Joe. The detectives from London are inexperienced and do not discover anything. Mrs. Joe spends her days calling for Orlick and draws a capital â€Å"T† on a slate. Biddy thinks that the â€Å"T† represents a hammer and that Orlick is the attacker. When Orlick arrives, Mrs. Joe tries to please him and shows him the slate. Biddy moves in with the Gargerys and Pip confides in her about his feelings for Estella. When Pip and Joe are listening to Mr. Wopsle read a murder trial from a newspaper, a London lawyer, Jaggers, approaches Pip, revealing very startling news: Pip has inherited a large sum of money from an anonymous benefactor. The conditions of the receipt of said money require him to leave for London immediately, buy some clothes and become a gentleman. Pip behaves badly in society (mostly over jealousy of Estella) and squanders his allowance, running into debt. He is rescued on his 21st birthday, when he is notified by Jaggars that he is awarded 500 pounds and an increased steady allowance, until such a time as his benefactor will appear. Pip originally believes Miss Havisham is his benefactress (and so the reader is led to believe, as well) for several years as he begins to learn to be a gentleman, helped by the now grown Herbert Pocket, who is assigned as his companion. During this time, Mrs. Joe dies. However, in one of Dickens’ patented plot twists, Pip’s benefactor turns out to be instead Magwitch, the convict whom Pip helped, who had been transported to New South Wales, where he had eventually prospered and become wealthy. Magwitch left all his money to Pip in gratitude for that kindness and also because Pip reminded him of his own child, whom he thinks is dead. The revelation of his true benefactor crushes Pip. He’s ashamed of Magwitch’s criminal past, however, Magwitch now expects to spend the rest of his life living with Pip. Pip, very reluctantly, lets Magwitch stay with him. There is a warrant out for Magwitch’s arrest in England and he’ll be hanged if he’s caught. Eventually, because Magwitch is on the run from the law, a plan is hatched by Herbert and Pip which involves fleeing the country by boat. During these events, it is revealed to Pip that Estella is the daughter of Jaggers’ housemaid, Molly, whom he defended in a murder charge and who gave up her daughter to be adopted by another of his clients, Miss Havisham, in return for his service in allowing her to be acquitted of the charge. Pip later realizes Magwitch is Estella’s father. Pip has an encounter with Orlick, who admits he was the one who attacked Pip’s sister. Meanwhile, Estella has married Bentley Drummle, a marriage that will be an unhappy one. Before Pip flees with Magwitch, he makes one last visit to Miss Havisham. Miss Havisham realizes that she created a monster out of Estella, who broke Pip’s heart, and asks him for forgiveness. Pip confronts Miss Havisham with Estella’s history and present circumstance in an unhappy marriage, blaming Miss Havisham for teaching Estella to be cold and unloving. In the heat of the confrontation, Miss Havisham stands too close to the fire and ignites her dress. Pip heroically saves her, but she later dies from her burn injuries. Pip, Herbert and another friend, Startop, make a gallant attempt to help Magwitch escape, but instead he is captured and sent to jail. Pip is devoted to Magwitch by now and recognizes in him a good and noble man. Pip tries to have Magwitch released but Magwitch dies shortly before his execution. Under English law Magwitch’s wealth forfeits to the Crown, thus extinguishing Pip’s â€Å"Great Expectations†. After an extended period of sickness during which he is looked after by Joe, he returns to good health and returns home to ask Biddy for forgiveness and for her love. However, when he arrives, he finds that it is Biddy and Joe’s wedding day. Thankful for not mentioning his interest in Biddy to Joe while he was sick, Pip congratulates the happy couple. Afterwards, Pip goes into business overseas with Herbert. After eleven relatively successful years abroad, Pip goes back to visit Joe and the rest of his family out in the marshes. Finally, Pip makes one last visit to the ruins of Miss Havisham’s house, where he finds Estella wandering. Her marriage is over, and she seems to have children and wants Pip to accept her as a friend. In the book Dickens says â€Å"There was no shadow of them parting† which is led the public to believe that Estella and Pip ended up together. ‘After over 50 chapters of Pip longing for her, they ended up together in the end of the book’ is the basic logical explanation for why people believe the book was ended as them being â€Å"more than friends†

What is Early Action and Early Admission

What is Early Action and Early Admission SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Shakespeare once wrote, "Better three hours too soon than a minute too late." If you're someone who likes to get things done ahead of schedule, then you might consider applying about two or three months sooner than regular deadlines under an early action program. Early action lets you apply early to one or more colleges, and you find out if you got accepted earlier too. This guide will go over the ins and outs of early action and the schools that offer it. Read on to figure out whether applying early action is right for you. What is Early Action? Early action is an admission plan offered by some colleges in addition to regular decision. Asthe name indicates, you apply by an earlier deadline. This deadline is often, but not always, November 1. This November deadline is months earlier than the regular decision deadline, which is usually in January. When you apply early action, you don't have to do anything special except for make the deadline. You'll still apply the normal way, usually through the Common Application. You'll fill out your application with information, such as yoursenior year courses and extracurricular activities. You'll send your official test scores through College Board or the SAT, invite your teachers and counselor to upload their recommendation letters, and submit your personal essay. Once you send everything in, you don't have too long to wait before hearing back from the admissions office. Most early action applicants hear back in mid-December. This opens up the awesome possibility of getting a college acceptance only halfway through senior year! Besides getting accepted, the other less welcome outcomes could be that you're denied or deferred. If you getdenied, you can't apply again for that academic year. If you're deferred, then your application will be pushed forward into the regular applicant pool to be reviewed again in the next round. If this happens, then you might want to call the school to see if you can get any more information. You could alsosend your mid-year grades or more recent test scores if they'll help your cause. Early action, unlike its counterpart early decision, is not binding. If you're offered a spot in the upcoming class, you don't have to accept it right away (unless you want to!). Instead, you can wait until May 1 before telling your EA school whether or not you plan to enroll. This policy allows you to compare admissions and financial aid offers from other schools that you applied to. You can apply elsewhere under regular decision, but can you apply to more than one school under early action? That all depends on the school. So many options! A little guidance here, please! Can You Apply to More Than One School Early Action? In most cases, the answer to this question is yes. You can apply to as many schools as you want under early action or regular decision. Some schools that allow you to apply early action anywhere include Boston College, CalTech, Georgetown, MIT, UNC Chapel Hill, University of Chicago, University of Virginia, and Villanova. For a few schools, however, the answer to the above question is a firm no. Harvard, Stanford, Princeton, Yale, and the University of Notre Dame, for example, only have a restrictive or single choice early action plan. As Harvard says, "If you apply...under our Early Action program, you may also apply at the same time to any public college/university or to foreign universities butyou are restricted from applying to other private universities' Early Action" programs. Basically, single choice early action means you can only apply to that one school early. So if you're applying to a restrictive early action school, make sure it's your top choice! Even though restrictive early action prevents you from applying under other schools' early action programs, you can still submit applications elsewhere under the regular decision deadlines. Again, this policy allows you to compare offers and financial aid throughout the spring before committing to a college. Early action is a great way to get a jumpstart on your college applications and ideally have your plans finalized ASAP senior year. While this can save you from a lot of the stress of the college notification waiting game, what benefit does it give to colleges? Why do colleges offer early action? Why Do Colleges Offer Early Action? Colleges have all different approaches, philosophies, and priorities when it comes to building a student body (and these can change from year to year). It makes sense that they offer different admissions plans as well. A few of the main reasons for an EA deadline are... To Space Out the Work One logistical reason for early action is that it allows admissions officers to space out their work. With more and more students applying to college, offering two deadlines lets schools stagger the review process over the year, rather than lumping it all together in one crazy month. To Control Enrollment Numbers Another reason that early action candidates appeal to admissions officers is that they're statistically more likely to accept an offer than are regular decision candidates. Think about it: if you apply early to a school, then you're probably really excited about that school. You're motivated to prepare months earlier than normalto get your application in one time. Students who apply under RDmight be applying to six or more schools on their college list, some safeties and some that are big reaches. That's largely why RD candidates less predictable in terms of where they'll enroll than EA candidates. For colleges, being able to predict their enrollment numbers and maximize their student yield is a big plus. To Discover Qualified Students Finally, colleges appreciate that EA applicants tend to be some of the most qualified candidates. A few years ago, Harvard, Princeton, and UVA eliminated their early action programs, citing evidence that early admissions predominantly benefited white, more affluent students with access to better resourced college counseling. Harvard's interim president in 2007, DerekBok,said,"Early admission programs tend to advantage to advantaged. Students from more sophisticated backgrounds and affluent high schools often apply early to increase their chances of admission, while minority students and students from rural areas, other countries, and high schools with fewer resources miss out." Other schools didn't follow suit, though, and all three colleges brought back their EA programs. Why? According to Harvard, they realized that students withall backgrounds wanted an early option. Realistically, though? They probably realized they were missing out on some of the most qualified students, who just applied early action somewhere else. Besides gaining more insight into how college admissions work, does any of this matter for you as a student? Well, by understanding that colleges are looking for qualified candidates andare looking to improve their yield, you could conclude that applying EA cangive you some strategic advantage. By demonstrating both your competitiveness and your commitment to the school (perhaps by saying it's your first choice in a supplemental essay, if possible), then you might curry more favor with admissions officers than would an RD candidate, whose commitment might not be perceived as equally strong. Let's break this down in more detail as we try to answer the much debated question - Is There an Advantage to Applying Early Action? There are a lot of rumors that you have a better shot of getting in if you apply EA. Sometimes students feel pressured to apply early, thinking it will increase their chances of admission. So does applying early help you? Now for the frustrating answer: yes and no. Data does show that a greater percentage of early action candidates are accepted over regular decision. Plus, as more and more students apply early, colleges have begun to raise their early acceptance rates too. In this past year, Harvard increased the percentage of EA acceptances from 6% to 17% That's a whole lot higher than its overall (and extremely selective) acceptance rate of 5.9%. You might conclude from this that you do have a better chance of getting accepted as an EA applicant. But there could be another explanation. The greater acceptance rate could reflect the greater number of qualified EA candidates. Perhaps students who apply early, especially to selective schools like Harvard, contain a higher proportion of well-qualified candidates than students who apply RD. MIT has this to say about its early action program: "There is no positive or negative prejudice associated with or conferred by applying during either cycle. We do not have a preference, and there is no strategic benefit to be had. We have two cycles for two reasons: 1) it helps us spread our work out over a longer period, devoting more time to each application and 2) it provides applicants with more options sothey can choose which works best for them." So is there any advantage to applying early? I would suggest the answer lies somewhere in the middle of Harvard's data and MIT's statement. Colleges do seem to appreciate the greater yield of EA candidates and their enthusiasm about attending. On the other hand, the EA pool could be even more competitive than the RD pool. Applying early won't make weaker grades or test scores look any stronger; in fact, compared to other early applicants, they could look even less up to scratch. So what conclusion can we drawhere? I'd say your number one priority should be sending the strongest application you can. If you've done careful planning in advance of your November deadline (more advice on how to do this below), then by all means, go for it! Apply early action. If you feel like you're doing a rush job, consider holding off and applying in January. Don't apply EA because you feel like you "should" if you think you're not ready. Take control of your college planning and go with the option that feels right to you. To cover all possible bases, you could call up or visit the admissions office of your school of interest and ask them about their EA program. Ask how selective EA is, or what their process is on denying versus deferring an applicant. Find out if there's any differences in financial aid processes and packages for EA vs. RD candidates. While you may be starting to have a sense of whether EA is right for you in terms of your readiness, what else do you need to think about when deciding to apply early? What steps do you need to take throughout junior and senior year? IsEarly Action is Right for You? Early action pushes your college planning timeline earlier by a few months.When deciding whether or not to apply early, you should think about your readiness and the strength of your credentials at that point. If you're already a senior, you could evaluate your readiness based on the info below. If you're a younger student, you can use this timeline to guide your college planning as you get ready to apply early action. Let's break down your planning byeach application component and your timeline for completing it, starting with your course grades. How Are Your Junior Year Grades? If you apply EA, your application will reflect your academic record up through the end of junior year. This differs from regular decision, when you'll send your mid-year senior grades as part of your transcript. If you're satisfied with your grades and GPA up until that point, then EA could be a great choice. If your grades are improving and you want to show that momentum in your college app, then you might wait until a January deadline. Remember that applying EA means that the admissions committee will focus on your freshman, sophomore, and junior years. If you'd benefit from adding the first half of senior year to the mix, then it might be to your advantage to wait for RD. How Are Your SAT or ACT Scores? If you apply EA, then your last chance to take the ACT or SAT would be in September or October of senior year. It could be pretty nerve-wracking if you're relying on these fall test dates to achieve your target scores. To ease the pressure, you could leave yourself two or three test dates in sophomore and/or junior year. For instance, you could take the SAT or ACT in the spring of sophomore year, fall of junior year, and again in the spring of junior year. With this schedule, you'd have three opportunities to achieve your target score, plus an additional date in the fall of senior year, just in case. Alternatively, since not everyone wants to take the SAT or ACT three or four times, you could take your test in the fall and spring of 11th grade. The main takeaway here is that you'll need to prep and plan for the SAT or ACT a long time before your EA deadline. If you find that you've run out of available test dates and still aren't satisfied with your scores, then you might decide to wait until RD. That way, you'd have one more opportunity to test in the fall of 12th grade. Do You Know Who to Ask for Recommendations? According to Emily Post's rules of manners and etiquette (probably), you should give your recommenders at least three weeks to a month's notice before your deadline. Be thoughtful about who you ask, and take the time to fill out a detailed "brag sheet" with your reflections on your goals andvalues. A lot of students ask their junior year teachers, so it can be a good idea to ask them at the end of junior year. At the very least, you should have your brag sheet ready and ask your teachers by October of senior year in order to apply EA. Meeting and talking to your counselor is important too. Share your plans and get to know her so she can write you a detailed and insightful rec letter. The keypoint here? To apply EA, fill out your brag sheet, talk to your recommenders, and make your rec letter requests at the end of junior year or by October of senior year at the latest. Are You Working On Your Personal Essay? Just like with your test scores and recommendations, you also want to start preparing your personal essay a few months in advance of your EA deadline. Even though it's a short essay (only 650 words for the Common App), it takes a lot of time, thought, and careful revising to produce an effective personal statement. To apply EA, you should start working on your college essay over the summer, and give significant time to drafting, eliciting feedback, and revising. Finding the time to work on your essay and balancing it with your other schoolwork and activities is another challenge to applying early, but one that you can manage if you get a head start and set deadlines for yourself. These are a few of my favorite schools... Is the EASchool Your Top Choice? This last question is most important for restrictive or single choice early action. Since restrictive EA only lets you apply early to one school, you should make it your top choice. How can you figure this out? For one thing, you can research the school, its programs, and its culture and social scene online and in person. Visit campus, speak to people in the admissions office, and speak to students about their experience. Maybe you can even do an overnight visit. Make sure that the school appeals to you and that you have concrete, significant reasons for wanting to spend the next four years of your life and education there. If you're really excited about attending the school, then this could motivate you to accomplish all of the steps described above in time to create an impressive application by the EA deadline. In closing, let's review the most important pieces of info you need to remember about choosing and applying early action. Key Takeaways About Early Action If I had to distil all the information above into the most important points for you to remember, they would be these: Some schools offer early action deadlines. They're usually in November, and you'll hear back whether you were accepted, denied, or deferred in mid-December. A small number of schools have restrictive or single choice early action, meaning you can't apply EA anywhere else. Applying early action isn't binding. You can apply to other schools and compare admission and financial aid offers before responding by May 1. If you're planning to apply EA, then you should prepare your application months in advance, payingspecial attention to your SAT or ACT scores, recommendations, and personal essay. Remember, applying EA can be a great option if you're excited about one or more schools and ready to apply. Don't rush and send off a weaker application just for the sake of applying early, but if you demonstrate that you're a qualified candidate, then you could have great success applying EA. If you're lucky, you could have your college plans all set before the new year! Then instead of anxiously awaiting college decisions, you could spend the spring relaxing and shopping for dorm room furniture. What's Next? Now that you know all about how early action works, check out the full list of schools with early action and their deadlines. Are you curious about how early decision differs from early action? Learn more about applying ED with this in-depth guide, plus a full list of schools with early decision and their deadlines. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points? We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Population growth in Africa essayEssay Writing Service

Population growth in Africa essayEssay Writing Service Population growth in Africa essay Population growth in Africa essayToday many developing countries are concerned about population-related challenges, which have a strong impact on social, cultural and economic development of human society. Africa is no exception. The growth of population in Africa is a key factor that lies at the root of many population-related challenges. According to researchers, â€Å"currently, the developing world accounts for about 95% of the population growth with Africa as the world’s fastest growing continent† (Hartemink, 2007, p. 85). In other words, Africa faces more population-related challenges than any other continent. Besides, many African countries are dependent on the industrial market economies of the developed countries as their domestic economies are unstable. Researches state that â€Å"poorly managed African economies remain essentially in the state of deterioration† (Mbaku, 2004, p. 102). There are three major population-related challenges in Africa, includ ing starvation, urbanization which leads to inadequate housing, improper health care, and poverty. As African population has been growing rapidly, â€Å"from 221 million in 1950 to 1 billion in 2009,† the population-related challenges affect the life of each African family to a great extent (Africa Hunger and Poverty Facts, 2014). The rapid population growth, along with a wide range of other factors, such as poor economic system, deterioration in the environment and the spread of criminal violence, has considerably limited the â€Å"growth in per capita income, causing poverty and hunger† (Africa Hunger and Poverty Facts, 2014). The best strategy to address the major population-related challenges in Africa is the promotion of population control programs that will help to provide adequate conditions for social, economic and cultural development of people.The major goal of this paper is to identify three major population-related challenges in Africa, and present a strate gy to effectively address these problems.Three major population-related challenges in Africa  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The major population-related challenges in Africa are caused by the largest population growth. Three significant population-related challenges in Africa include starvation, urbanization and poverty.Starvation as one of the major population-related problems in AfricaOne of the major population-related problems Africa faces today is the lack of enough food to feed all the people. According to researchers, â€Å"starvation and famines have ravaged several African countries† (Hartemink, 2007, p. 85). Somalis, Ethiopia, Angola, Sudan and many other African countries have faced serious problems caused by severe food shortages since the 1950-60s. Today the problem of starvation is an acute one in Africa. The growth of African population leads to the growing number of underweight children. The statistical data show that about â€Å"33 percent of ch ildren are underweight in Africa† (Hall, 2006, p. 6). Starvation is caused by a wide range of factors, including economic, environmental, political and social factors. The African continent includes fifty four countries, and practically each country has encountered food crises (Hall, 2006).  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Actually, food-related problems in African countries have been widely discussed in the media. According to researchers, â€Å"the continued struggle to meet basic food needs has made it difficult for policymakers to devote any effort or resources to general economic development†(Mbaku, 2007, p. 9). African policymakers lack the required industrial base to achieve the surficial amount of products in food production industry, as well as the adequate foreign exchange that could allow to â€Å"import food from abroad to meet domestic shortages† (Mbaku, 2007, p. 9).  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As a matter of fact, food is considered to be one of the major needs for all human beings. African people encounter inadequate distribution of food that fails to maintain good health condition of population. According to the UN Food and Agriculture Organization, â€Å"about 239 million people in sub-Saharan Africa were hungry or undernourished in 2010† (Africa Hunger and Poverty Facts, 2014).Urbanization as one of the significant population-related problemsUrbanization is another significant population-related problem in Africa. Researchers state that â€Å"since the late1960s, Africans have been moving from the rural and agricultural sectors to the urban sectors in large numbers† (Mbaku, 1997, p. 7). There are several factors that led to the increased rate of urbanization, including the lack of opportunities for economic development of people living in rural areas, the increased growth of population in rural areas, etc.   For example, in many countries of South Africa, rural people have to migr ate to the urban areas because of decreased farming opportunities. As a result, African people find themselves in the urban areas absolutely unprepared for urban life. They lack the required education, cannot speak English well, and have to support large families. They have to live in â€Å"crowded and unhealthy quarters,† being used as the cheap labor force (Mbaku, 2007, p. 7).  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Urbanization has led to the problem of overcrowding in many urban areas of African countries. The increased demand for a wide range of infrastructural services places emphasis on other challenges caused by urbanization, including inadequate housing, the lack of the required amount of medical facilities, etc. (Mbaku, 2007).Poverty as one of the major population-related problems in African countries  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Poverty is one of the major population-related problems in Africa. Poverty is considered to be the major cause of hunge r in African countries.   In Africa, people do not have sufficient income to buy enough food to feed children. According to statistical data, in 2008, â€Å"about 47 percent of the population of sub-Saharan Africa lived on $1.25 a day or less, a principal factor in causing widespread hunger† (Africa Hunger and Poverty Facts, 2014).  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In addition, poverty leads to the spread of diseases, which jeopardize the lives of many African people. There are several factors that lead to spread of poverty in Africa, including not only diseases, but also natural disasters, warfare, forced migration, bad governance and illiteracy† (Brenzinger, 2009, p. 37). Actually, poverty in many African countries relates to certain social challenges, such as the lack of education and improper well-being. Besides, poverty in Africa can be characterized by some physical features, such as â€Å"short life expectancy and severe malnutrition† (Brenzing er, 2009, p. 37). Droughts in tropical Africa produce natural disasters. As a result, people face chronic food shortages, as well as lack sufficient food security. In some areas, African people have no access to clean drinking water and they face poor sanitation conditions.Presentation of the strategy to effectively addressthe major population-related problems in AfricaAs the majority of countries in Africa are characterized by relatively high population growth, the strategy to effectively address the major population-related challenges should be aimed at reduction population growth rate. Population-related challenges have led to the crises in many countries of Africa, including Sudan, Ethiopia, Chad, Somalia, Rwanda, and other countries with excessive population growth and poor eco-systems. It would be better to develop an effective strategy that will provide control over child bearing. It is necessary to develop the health care reform that would allow African women to have no more than two children (now they have five- six children) (Africa Hunger and Poverty Facts, 2014). According to researchers, in 1970s, the governments of many African countries were advised to develop national population control programs. These programs could encourage all citizens to assess the â€Å"dangers of uncontrolled population growth, educating them on the economic and social impact of bringing forth new lives without corresponding economic empowerment to bring them up† (Mataen, 2012, p. 23). However, these programs had no positive impact on African women, although in some countries the â€Å"number of children per woman came down from 7.2 to 6.5† (Mataen, 2012, p. 23).Today it is necessary to make this strategy more effective. It would be better to involve the developed countries that could act as sponsors in promoting population control programs in Africa. The governments of African countries should be focused on joint efforts in reduction the increased rate of population growth (Mataen, 2012). The governments of African countries should be aimed at extension of basic primary education, which will allow African people to find jobs and support their families. Besides, the governments should promote basic health care services to the larger part of their population. So, population growth should be reduced to create adequate conditions for social, economic and cultural development of people (Mataen, 2012).Conclusion  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Thus, it is necessary to conclude that today African countries face serious population-related challenges that have a strong impact on social, cultural and economic development of people in Africa. The rapid growth of population is a key factor that lies at the root of many population-related challenges, including poverty, urbanization and starvation. The governments of African countries should develop effective strategies to reduce the increased rate of population growth and provide adeq uate conditions for social, economic and cultural development of people. The promotion of population control programs in Africa is the best solution to the existing population-related challenges.

Biography of Artist Louise Bourgeois

Biography of Artist Louise Bourgeois Second generation surrealist and feminist sculptor Louise Bourgeois was one of the most important American artists of the late twentieth and twenty-first centuries. Similar to other second-generation Surrealist artists like Frida Kahlo, she channeled her pain into the creative concepts of her art. These highly charged feelings produced hundreds of sculptures, installations, paintings, drawings and fabric pieces in numerous materials. Her environments, or cells, might include traditional marble and bronze sculptures alongside common castoffs (doors, furniture, clothes and empty bottles). Each artwork poses questions and irritates with ambiguity. Her goal was to provoke emotional reactions rather than reference intellectual theory. Often disturbingly aggressive in her suggestive sexual shapes (a distressed phallic image called Fillette/Young Girl, 1968, or multiple latex breasts in The Destruction of the Father, 1974), Bourgeois invented gendered metaphors well before Feminism took roo t in this country. Early Life Bourgeois was born on Christmas Day in Paris to Josà ©phine Fauriaux and Louis Bourgeois, the second of three children. She claimed that she was named after Louise Michel (1830-1905), an anarchist feminist from the days of the French Commune (1870-71). Bourgeois mothers family came from Aubusson, the French tapestry region, and both her parents owned an antique tapestry gallery at the time of her birth. Her father was drafted into World War I (1914-1918), and her mother frantically lived through those years, infecting her toddler daughter with great anxieties. After the war, the family settled in Choisy-le-Roi, a suburb of Paris, and ran a tapestry restoration business. Bourgeois remembered drawing the missing sections for their restoration work. Education Bourgeois did not choose art as her vocation right away. She studied math and geometry at the Sorbonne from 1930 to 1932. After her mothers death in 1932, she switched to art and art history. She completed a baccalaureate in philosophy. From 1935 to 1938, she studied art in several schools: the Atelier Roger Bissià ¨re, the Acadà ©mie dEspagnat, the École du Louvre, Acadà ©mie de la Grande Chaumià ¨re and École Nationale Supà ©rieure des Beaux-Arts, the École Muncipale de Dessin et dArt, and the Acadà ©mie Julien. She also studied with the Cubist master Fernand Là ©ger in 1938. Là ©ger recommended sculpture to his young student. That same year, 1938, Bourgeois opened a print shop next to her parents business, where she met art historian Robert Goldwater (1907-1973). He was looking for Picasso prints. They married that year and Bourgeois moved to New York with her husband. Once settled in New York, Bourgeois continued to study art in Manhattan with Abstract Expressionist Vaclav Vytlacil (1892-1984), from 1939 to 1940, and at the Art Students League in 1946. Family and Career In 1939, Bourgeois and Goldwater returned to France to adopt their son Michel. In 1940, Bourgeois gave birth to their son Jean-Louis and in 1941, she gave birth to Alain. (No wonder she created a series Femme-Maison in 1945-47, houses in the shape of a woman or attached to a woman. In three years she became the mother of three boys. Quite a challenge.) On June 4, 1945, Bourgeois opened her first solo exhibition at Bertha Schaefer Gallery in New York. Two years later, she mounted another solo show at Norlyst Gallery in New York. She joined the American Abstract Artists Group in 1954. Her friends were Jackson Pollock, Willem de Kooning, Mark Rothko and Barnett Newman, whose personalities interested her more than the Surrealist à ©migrà ©s she met during her early years in New York. Through these tempestuous years among her male peers, Bourgeois experienced the typical ambivalence of the career-minded wife and mother, fighting off anxiety-attacks while preparing for her shows. To restore equilibrium, she often hid her work but never destroyed it. In 1955, Bourgeois became an American citizen. In 1958, she and Robert Goldwater moved to the Chelsea section of Manhattan, where they remained to the end of their respective lives. Goldwater died in 1973, while consulting on the Metropolitan Museum of Arts new galleries for African and Oceanic art (todays Michael C. Rockefeller Wing). His specialty was primitivism and modern art as a scholar, teacher at NYU, and the first director of the Museum of Primitive Art (1957 to 1971). In 1973, Bourgeois began to teach at Pratt Institute in Brooklyn, Cooper Union in Manhattan, Brooklyn College and the New York Studio School of Drawing, Painting and Sculpture. She was already in her 60s. At this point, her work fell in with the Feminist movement and exhibition opportunities increased significantly. In 1981, Bourgeois mounted her first retrospective at the Museum of Modern Art. Almost 20 years later, in 2000, she exhibited her enormous spider, Maman (1999), 30 feet high, in the Tate Modern in London. In 2008, the Guggenheim Museum in New York and Centre Pompidou in Paris exhibited another retrospective. Today, exhibitions of Louise Bourgeois work may occur simultaneously as her work is always in great demand. The Dia Museum in Beacon, New York, features a long-term installation of her phallic sculptures and a spider. Bourgeois Confessional Art Louise Bourgeois body of work draws its inspiration from her memory of childhood sensations and traumas. Her father was domineering and a philanderer. Most painful of all, she discovered his affair with her English nanny. Destruction of the Father, 1974, plays out her revenge with a pink plaster and latex ensemble of phallic or mammalian protrusions gathered around a table where the symbolic corpse lies, splayed out for all to devour. Similarly, her Cells are architectural scenes with made and found objects tinged with domesticity, child-like wonder, nostalgic sentimentality and implicit violence. Some sculptures objects seem strangely grotesque, like creatures from another planet. Some installations seem uncannily familiar, as if the artist recalled your forgotten dream. Important Works and Accolades Femme Maison (Woman House), ca. 1945-47.Blind Leading the Blind, 1947-49.Louise Bourgeois in costume as Artemis of Ephesus, 1970Destruction of the Father, 1974.Cells Series, 1990s.Maman (Mother), 1999.Fabric Works, 2002-2010. Bourgeois received numerous awards, including a Life Time Achievement in Contemporary Sculpture Award in Washington D.C. in 1991, the National Medal of Arts in 1997, the French Legion of Honor in 2008 and induction into the National Womens Hall of Fame in Seneca Falls, New York in 2009.    Sources Munro, Eleanor. Originals: American Women Artists.  New York: Simon and Schuster, 1979. Cotter, Holland. Louise Bourgeois Influential Sculptor, Dies at 98, New York Times, June 1, 2010. Cheim and Read Gallery, bibliography. Louise Bourgeois (2008 retrospective), Guggenheim Museum, website Louise Bourgeois, exhibition catalogue, edited by Frank Morris and Marie-Laure Bernadac.  New York: Rizzoli, 2008. Film: Louise Bourgeois: The Spider, The Mistress and The Tangerine,  Produced and directed by Marion Cajori and Amei Wallach, 2008.

Critical Factors that Influence Supplier Selection Essay

Critical Factors that Influence Supplier Selection - Essay Example Capacity Capacity refers to a subject’s potential to meet particular expectations. An organization within a supply chain has demands to meet and requires necessary and sufficient supplies to meet such demands. As a result, a supplier’s ability to meet required capacity in delivery is of great importance. A good supplier should therefore be one that is able to deliver orders according to quotation’s specifications and one that is flexible and can adjust to emergency needs for high quantity deliveries. Evaluating a supplier’s capacity should therefore look into the suppliers supply chain personnel’s competence as well as its production capacity and normal stock level in order to guarantee continuity in supply.1 A supplier’s capacity to deliver however goes beyond deliverables to long-term factors such as â€Å"financial capability, market share, personnel capability, process capability, and top management capability†.2 Financial stabilit y, demonstrated by suppliers’ financial ratio analysis for example identifies a suppliers’ potential to guarantee a ‘long-term ‘contracts for supplies. ... Integration of organizational roles in a supply chain for example ensures efficient delivery of a supplier’s commodities through outsourced logistics.5 Cost Cost is another important quantitative factor that should be considered while selecting suppliers. One of the obvious reasons for considering suppliers’ costs is the fact that every organization aims at either maximizing its profits or minimizing its losses through reduced costs. As a result, a supplier that offers relatively lower costs is most likely to increase the buyer’s profitability level. Evaluating cost should however be comprehensive to factor every involved expense in acquisition and delivery of a commodity. A buyer should for example consider the involved price of the commodity together with other costs such as logistics expenses, and installation or operational expenses. This comprehensive review of the suppliers’ costs is important because different suppliers offer different cost packages . While some costs may appear low at face value, they may be exclusive of other expenses and be more expensive in the end. It is therefore important to factor in differences in cost packages to ensure that more economically sound suppliers are considered.6 The different elements of costs can also be explored differently as significant factors to suppliers’ selection. Commodities’ net prices for example rank high among critical suppliers selection factors. Consistency in findings, as was realized in Dickson’s research and Weber’s research that commodities’ net prices is one of the most highly considered factors when selecting a supplier affirms the factor’s essence. Other elements of total cost however ranked poorly in the two research

Accommodation Theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Accommodation Theory - Essay Example Accommodation theory suggests that every person in a given society has the ability to change or adjust their speech depending on the nature of the conversation, or the other person they are addressing and the purpose of the interaction. The changing of the speech patterns is a summary of how the accommodation theory works. For example, when native people talk to foreigners, they tend to speak more slowly or when adults talk with children and babies, they use simple language (Griffin, 2008). When put into context, it means that people accommodate others by adjusting their communicational behavior to match the level of those they are with, in a conversation. The results of accommodation are ultimately either divergence or convergence. As their names suggest, a convergence result is where a person moves their speech to be closer to that the other person’s. On the other hand, a divergence result is when the speech move away from each other. Convergence result allows the reduction of the social distance between the two conversing parties. It allows a person who is of a higher class to tone down their speech so that they can communicate effectively with the lower class person. On the contrary, the divergence resul t increases the distance between people. The divergence result emphasizes the differences that exist between people. The accommodation theory has many existing and available means by which it may be applied. Currently the accommodation theory is applied to many communication processes. Gasiorek and Howard (2013, 15) opines that in a company or an organization that has different levels of employees, the accommodation theory can be applied to aid the communication between the management and the employees. For instance, it is used for horizontal communication amongst the employees and in vertical communication between employees and senior management. To test this theory, Giles came up with several theories that served to test why people change

Do you agree with the view that British politics became racialised in Essay

Do you agree with the view that British politics became racialised in the period since 1945 - Essay Example the West Indies, Pakistan and India not only affected the demographics of the country and the level of employment, it also raised a series of important racial issues that influenced the British policies in a serious manner. Therefore, this paper will analyze how Britain became a multiethnic country and will interpret different immigration acts that were passed by the government in order to better coordinate and control the racial relations within the British society over a period starting with the year 1945 up to present times. The Labour government conducted, in January 1946, a postwar economic survey that estimated a labor deficiency of 600.000 up to 1.3 million (Paul, 1997, p.4). Acknowledging the postwar labor crisis, the British Government first turned to Europe for help, attracting a large number of Poles (130 000) and Italians by using guest-worker schemes. Even constrained by a critical economic situation, Britain preferred white race immigrants, which demonstrates that British policies were dictated by a fine distinction among races and the tendency to keep the society predominantly white. Soon enough though, the Iron Curtain put an end to these efforts and France, Switzerland and Germany became more attractive destinations for migrants coming from southern Europe. However, even if Britain had an unstable economy, it also had an advantage of 600 million of people that inhabited its colonies (Hansen, 2003) and this is when the British government recognized the opportunity of putting all the skilled workers in these regions at use. â€Å"Whatever racist ideas they held were secondary to their need for workers to fill gaps in the labour market by doing the worst jobs† (Brown, 1995). In 1948, the British Nationality Act gave people that lived within the boundaries of the Commonwealth a special status, as CUKCS, which is short for â€Å"Citizens of the United Kingdom and colonies†. Due to this special legal status, â€Å"persons born in colonial or Commonwealth

The Core Functions of Public Health Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Core Functions of Public Health - Case Study Example alth prospects of the citizens and to check the power of the state over maintaining autonomy, privacy, freedom, and proprietary stakes of people and businesses. Incidentally, without sound public health law infrastructure a government cannot cater to the interests of the community by controlling injury and disease, and service the cause of the community health. Some of the examples of how public health laws are implemented include creating awareness among the people. It is similar to prevention strategies so that wrong practices are discouraged through knowledge providing. Government provides education and incentives for adhering to socially good practices through health communication campaigns. Positive behavioral change is brought about by public health authorities to change product design considering the safety aspect of the people. Wrong product designs are checked by the government, asking proprietors to apply safety parameters or face tort system. The surrounding physical, informational, social or economic scenario can be changed through the application of law. For instance, it is expected from the manufacturers, producers, and various goods and services providers to follow labeling procedures correctly. Instructions are issued by the government over the limited promotion of unhealthy products. For example, housing and building codes are enforced to avoid injury and disease and reduce emissions into the environment so that air pollution could be checked. These are various informational tools. The government uses them for the overall health of the people and to promote the cause of their health in general. All these measures are taken by the government under the public health law, which is the basic responsibility of the government. The five essential traits of the article are based on the definition of public health law. It defines public health law, as the analysis of legal rights and duties of the state to provide them with healthy living conditions and

Cjus 340 DB4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Cjus 340 DB4 - Essay Example I personally feel that the three strike laws are unjust as life sentences are assigned to criminals who have not really conducted a criminal offense that is very offensive in nature. For example in the state of California, people who have committed non serious crimes such as shop lifting and car jacking have even been sentenced under three strike laws (Samaha 376). Such acts by the state and the criminal justice system are unjust because these people do not really pose a threat to the society and assigning them a 25 to life sentence is unjust. Secondly, due to such laws, the population of the prisons is increasing which is negatively impacting the budgets of the criminal justice system which is already over burdened with the amount of prisoners in jails. The way the three strike law has been applied in the state of California is even quite unjust because California is assigning sentences not on the nature of the crime and is rather assigning sentences based on the number of

The Core Functions of Public Health Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Core Functions of Public Health - Case Study Example alth prospects of the citizens and to check the power of the state over maintaining autonomy, privacy, freedom, and proprietary stakes of people and businesses. Incidentally, without sound public health law infrastructure a government cannot cater to the interests of the community by controlling injury and disease, and service the cause of the community health. Some of the examples of how public health laws are implemented include creating awareness among the people. It is similar to prevention strategies so that wrong practices are discouraged through knowledge providing. Government provides education and incentives for adhering to socially good practices through health communication campaigns. Positive behavioral change is brought about by public health authorities to change product design considering the safety aspect of the people. Wrong product designs are checked by the government, asking proprietors to apply safety parameters or face tort system. The surrounding physical, informational, social or economic scenario can be changed through the application of law. For instance, it is expected from the manufacturers, producers, and various goods and services providers to follow labeling procedures correctly. Instructions are issued by the government over the limited promotion of unhealthy products. For example, housing and building codes are enforced to avoid injury and disease and reduce emissions into the environment so that air pollution could be checked. These are various informational tools. The government uses them for the overall health of the people and to promote the cause of their health in general. All these measures are taken by the government under the public health law, which is the basic responsibility of the government. The five essential traits of the article are based on the definition of public health law. It defines public health law, as the analysis of legal rights and duties of the state to provide them with healthy living conditions and

Marketing Mix Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Marketing Mix - Essay Example The ultimate objective of all marketing efforts is to generate revenue, which depends heavily on the price of the product or service. Some of the areas that pricing must look into include cost of development/ manufacturing, profitability, wholesale and retail prices, volume discounts and target market pricing etc. The promotion deals with the communication about a company's products and/ or services, targeted to improve the product image in customers' minds. It includes personal selling, direct marketing, advertising, publicity and other forms of marketing promotion campaigns. In addition to these 4 Ps of marketing mix, other Ps have been proposed like people, process, packaging etc. These are quickly taking over the new concept of marketing mix as being very important factors for a smooth and efficient system. New product development has become a significant source of differential advantage for companies nowadays. With the advent of modern technology, especially internet; customers are more informed of their needs and how to satisfy them. Hence, it is important for companies to consistently develop new products and improve existing ones to remain competitive. A business exist to satisfy customers while making profits (Etzel Walker Stanton, 2003, p.217) and hence it is required to identify the exact customers' needs before developing a product or service to satisfy it. The life cycle of a product consists of four stages namely, introduction, growth, maturity and decline. Product strategy varies for each of these stages and accordingly, all other strategies have to be developed to suit the requirements of a particular stage. For instance, during the introduction stage, it is unwise to manufacture a large quantity of product, but it is required during the growth and maturity stages to keep up with the demand of the product. C. Pricing Strategy Pricing decisions are affected by a variety of factors as stated above. In addition, these also depend upon the target customers. Price skimming strategy is used for innovative products by putting a very high price for the product and taking the first mover's advantage. Another strategy is to use the price penetration techniques to keep the price at a minimum in order to attract more customers. Hence, the pricing decisions vary and depend upon the market conditions. A general approach to pricing include selection of pricing objectives, determining demand of the product, estimating own costs and also the costs of competitors who are offering similar products in the market, and then the pricing method is selected (Kotler, 2003, pp. 472-485). A common method of pricing is to use a cost plus approach, where the price of the product is determined by the amount of money required to produce the product plus a margin over it (Etzel Walker Stanton, 2003, p.331). But other pricing strategies can also be used. A general objective of the pricing strategy is to gain maximum benefit while maintaining competition and the right positioning in the customers' minds about the company's products and services. Other pricing strat

Globalization of Chocolate Lovers, Cakes and Pastries Essay Example for Free

Globalization of Chocolate Lovers, Cakes and Pastries Essay Globalization of both the economy and the society has confronted the world over the past decade. A shift of focus and interest from the local market to the international setting has demanded innovation not just in corporate leadership as new information; forms of communication and technology are being offered to be utilized in encouraging and reinforcing interaction among individuals. Fewer trade barriers and unprecedented technological advances have accelerated the pace of globalization. The advances in communication technology make it easier to enter the international market through the efficient marketing and advertising strategies that a number of international business organizations invest in by utilizing the services provided by the Worldwide Web. Electronic data communication (EDC) facilitates the exchange of data at tremendous speeds; it sorts and integrates data with other information available to the recipients (businesses, banks, capital markets) from other sources. Individual countries and trading and currency blocs alike view the fast-moving e-business sector as having a direct impact on the countries’ and blocs’ competitiveness in the global market. Increased market competition identifies continuous adjustment and improvement in the production lines of countries to recognize the participation of smaller business units. The free flow of goods and services, the establishment of functioning trade blocs like the European Union, more favorable regulations for foreign direct investment, and e-commerce are now major features of the global market. The introduction of the new division of international labor calls for evaluation and reorganization of the business operations as well as a reassessment of the current technological practices. The Chocolate Lovers, Cakes and Pastries Industry in FRANCE Royle and Towers (2002) note that the Chocolate Lovers, Cakes and Pastries industry has now extended throughout the world, expanding in FRANCE and other European countries, bakeshops are often considered as a characteristic of the new global culture. These bakeshops are illustrated as informal, have uniform service to anyone regardless of social status and focuses on giving quick-service to its customers. The industry grew out of a cultural philosophy that greatly values friendliness more than propriety, basically more than traditions of gracious living and democratic consensus over status-based divisions. Firms within the Chocolate Lovers, Cakes and Pastries industry fall into the category of a competitive market structure. According to Lipset (1991), the competitiveness of a market refers to the extent to which individual firms have the control or power to influence market prices or the terms on which their products are sold. It must be noted that â€Å"the less power an individual firm has to influence the market in which it sells its products, the more competitive the market is† (Lipset, 1991). In the recent years, the integration of strategic planning and functional marketing has been perhaps the most relevant development in the field of marketing management as marketing managers have all the more realized that tactical marketing decisions must be made within a wider strategic framework. Marketing Mix (4Ps) Product – Products that Cakes and Cookies are offering can be improved and expanded. For example they can add more cakes that suit the taste and needs of their consumers in FRANCE. Cakes and Cookies should not limit their products according to the old time customers in the U. S. Placement – Decisions involving the place/distribution are also crucial in meeting the needs of the target market. There are many factors to consider such as the choice of location where the product will be sold to the consumers, and the various channel distribution required to bring the product in the target market. Elements of distribution channel include the packaging, storage facilities, transportation, and the members of the channel itself. Cakes and Cookies should make their customized packages and boxes for their Chocolate Lovers, Cakes and Pastries and this should be appropriate according to the taste of the FRANCE consumers. It is always relevant to choose a channel pattern that is suitable for the target market needs. Price Among other factors considered in pricing are the needs of the market, the costs involved, the effect on margins and the value offered at a minimum for the consumer without the price cut hitting the company image. It is not surprising therefore, that Cakes and Cookies entry price strategy became a model in starting business in the area. Finally, it is interesting to note that in FRANCE have consistently agreed with Chocolate Lovers, Cakes and Pastries pricing strategy for many years. This shows that consumers give their loyalty as long as the price is right and fair. Promotions – Today, personal selling, sales promotions, in the forms of souvenirs, and point-of-purchase displays (POP), publicity through non-paid presentation of the product to the target market (feature articles and special news coverage), and public relations (established link with the stakeholders) were utilized by Cakes and Cookies Similarly, TV and radio advertising are important channels to promote Cakes and Cookies Usually, effective television and radio advertising involves a good opening punch line, presentation of the competitor’s product (brand must not be mentioned) and its weakness, testimony of experts or renowned personalities/authorities, and in some cases, use of famous movie actors and actress also helps. Further, the existence of Internet and the continued revolution in the world of Information Technology are certainly positive signs for the blossoming of many new advertising opportunities. For instance, pop-up ads and email ads have started to inva de the Internet. Most advertising firms have also started to exert efforts to make their advertisements appealing to the public (Chow and Holden, 1997). Segment, Target and Positioning of the Product Of all the components of a marketing plan, perhaps the most overlooked but most critical element is the definition of the target market. According to Lovelock and Young (2000), it is a homogenous group of people or organizations that a company wishes to appeal to. There are two basic targets for a product or service: the user and the non-user segments. Thus, there are also two business and marketing decisions that the company must decide upon in light of the basic targets. The first is to cultivate the present market alone while the second is to go after non-users. The former can inspire consumer loyalty which is an important factor in the survival of any business. In the case of Cakes and Cookies, they should categorize their target market into two market segments: (1) the Cakes and Cookies patrons or those who have already tried the product, and (2) the Cakes and Cookies non-consumers. The Cakes and Cookies consumers further classified into (a) males and (b) females in order to differentiate the market appeal and competitiveness of the offered products in terms of sex as well as the specific consumers for specific types of Chocolate Lovers, Cakes and Pastries. in order to determine the competitiveness of each product per se. the Cakes and Cookies non- consumers, on the other hand, are further grouped into (a) those who do not eat Chocolate Lovers, Cakes and Pastries in general, and (b) those who eat other Chocolate Lovers, Cakes and Pastries. These market segmentation schemes according to product use will provide important information regarding the overall competitiveness of Cakes and Cookies products as well as viability and opportunities for encouraging sweeteners non-users to not just try any other average sweeteners but to choose Cakes and Cookies products among others. Moreover, companies now face the challenge of making its target consumers respond accordingly to their marketing efforts and those who understand its consumers’ responses will have a great competitive advantage (Kotler Armstrong, 2001). In this light, Chocolate Lovers, Cakes and Pastries should keep in mind the differences that are distinct between and among other bakeshops target market based on different cultural backgrounds which significantly affect the effectiveness of the campaign. The fact is, there may be ideas that will not be applicable across the diverse target market population. Studies on the relationship of consumer behavior and their personal values and cultural orientation as well as their beliefs on certain principles, the dispositions they hold and side they take on political, gender and social problems and issues will be likewise duly accounted. Positioning The changing world has then placed much emphasis on the importance of communication for effective marketing. All types of communication are involved in marketing communications, including literature, training, advertising, mail, telephone, product promotions and other contact relevant to marketing communication. Among the channel members, even follow-up on complaints as well as customer billing may be included within the communication loop. In order to effectively serve the marketing channel, correct timing and accuracy in communications is essential. Moreover, it is important for the company to recognize that all members of the channel have an obligation or important role in maintaining the efficacy of marketing communications. Organizations that capitalize on customers active participation in organizational activities can gain competitive advantage through greater sales volume, enhanced operating efficiencies, positive word-of-mouth publicity, reduced marketing expenses, and enhanced customer loyalty (Lovelock Young, 1979). Channel communications works in a two-way system wherein information transfers to the user and bounces all the way back to the producer (Goldberg McCalley, 1992). In other words, marketing communications works like a feedback system, which allows company producers to relay information to the customers. In response to the provided information, consumers give certain reactions or behaviors. In this light, the electronic transformation of the services offered by Chocolate Lovers, Cakes and Pastries will result to better and more efficient and effective customer service system to the clientele. Moreover, the functionality of the online portal for the marketing and advertising needs of the agency will most possibly result to increase customer reach, satisfaction level and return of investment. Furthermore, if consumers somehow become better customers that is, more knowledgeable, participative, or productive the quality of the service experience will likely be enhanced for the customer and the organization (Bowers, Martin Luker, 1990). Finally, some of the ways that companies acquired cost advantages are by improving process efficiencies, gaining unique access to a large source of lower cost materials, making optimal outsourcing and vertical integration decisions, or avoiding some costs altogether. If competing firms are unable to lower their costs by a similar amount, the firm will be able to sustain a competitive advantage based on cost leadership.

Legal Rights and Requirements for Children with Disabilities

Legal Rights and Requirements for Children with Disabilities Outline the legal and regulatory requirements in place for children with disabilities or specific requirements†¦ Every child regardless of age, ability and circumstance has legal rights and entitlements. A child with a disability has the right to be treated equally and fairly. Tutt R (2007) Every Child Included, Great Britain, Paul Chapman Publishing quotes ‘Every child not only matters, but matters equally’. Acts and laws have been put into place to ensure children’s disabilities are not discriminated against. Children with SEN have extra-legal stipulations that ensure their inclusion and protect them from further discrimination. These include The Equality Act 2010, which states that provision be mad e for people with disabilities to be able to access public and private services the same way an able bodied person does. Adjustments to public places should be made, such as ramps for access and wider doors. Services such as toilets adapted for disabled people and braille on signs for visually impaired children, accessible seating areas at events and amenable transport .The Special Education Needs Code of Practice provides help schools to ensure inclusion and equality. One of its most important aims is to give early intervention for children with SEN, with the best suited support. A child with SEN should have their needs met, this will normally be in mainstream school being included in the National Curriculum at a relevant level with an appropriate approach. From the 1St September 2014 all schools must adhere to this practice. The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child is a document giving rights to children regardless of their needs and circumstance stating that children’s’ views should be taken into consideration when decisions are made, where possible for their education and care. Whilst the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities is specifically for children with disabilities. It is aware that although they have different challenges they should still equally enjoy their human rights with non -disabled children. Article 7 outlines that the child’s best interests should be paramount and their right to express their opinions should be taken seriously. Article 31 says information must collected be collected with disabled people and shared so that a better understanding of the barriers can be overcome. Article 24 states a child should receive inclusive, free primary and secondary education within their community with quality teaching and individual support. Each country has to report to the United Nations committee showing how t hey are putting this convention into practise. These acts and bills that have been passed to protect the children are such an important aspect of disabled children and Sen children’s life. They provide good quality early intervention which will continue to help improve the long term outcome of all children. Explain why it is important to work inclusively with children with disabilities or specific requirements†¦ It is so important that children with disabilities are able to access main stream school education and be able to work alongside and with children without disability or additional needs. A child’s needs, strengths and interests should be built upon, with other children, to develop them under your care. (This is otherwise known as a child –centred approach) People’s opinions and the way they treat disabled children fall into two categories Medical Model of Disability and Social Model. The medical model sees disability as an illness to be made better. It focuses on their condition rather than the individual as a person. This labels a child as ‘sick’ instead of looking at their achievements and interests. If a setting chooses this approach they are not inclusive as they’ve chosen to focus on the disability. A social model sees that everybody is an individual with rights and feelings and this gives value to their choices .Society is responsible for the way we treat disabilities, our attitudes and behaviour determine whether we embrace and include disability into our everyday lives or we wrongly treat it like an illness. Lindon J (2012) Equality and Inclusion in Early Childhood, Great Britain, Hachette UK ‘Words matter because they are a reflection of deeply entrenched attitudes in our society’ By incorporating a child as a person with individual needs and listening to them a child will feel respected which will increase their self -worth and well- being. A child will feel safe and secure in their environment and the other family members will equally feel that they are respected too. Planning is a very important part of inclusion, if the child has a special interest in something (i.e. animals) this can be incorporated into learning bringing in resources to count, sort, describe and write about etc. It will keep the child interested and motivated to continue learning. A practitioner needs to show an understanding towards the child’s feelings and points of view and not pity as this would not be productive in any way. Thinking from the child’s point of view will enable you to adapt the setting to the individual needs of the child. Children should be encouraged to take responsibility and have independence as this gives them belief in their abilities and future skills and by watching able bodied children complete tasks they learn what can be achieved. Gaining an understanding of how a child’s disability affects them their learning would greatly help to include each different disability to ensure they aren’t excluding the child even unintentionally. A child needs to feel welcomed; this could be as easy as a smile or calling their name. All pictures should display positive images of different disabilities around the classroom to provide a positive environment. All role models need to maintain a positive attitude to make these changes and by working in an enthusiastic team inclusion can be achieved which has to be the best thing for all children. This poem written by an 8yr old girl describes how she feels about her friend in her class who cannot walk or talk and shows how beneficial inclusion is. Tutt R(2007) Every Child Included, Great Britain, Paul Chapman Publishing. Evaluate the benefits of working in partnership with parents and professionals when working with children†¦ All parents should be constantly involved and consulted when making decisions about a child with special educational needs as this enables a parent to feel they are respected and their child is valued. A parent sees their child as a whole person with interests and characteristics and not just a child with an illness or condition. They have the best source of information on the child, their personality, personal skills, social abilities and emotional state as well as their physical situation. They are also able to relay their coping techniques and what methods they use to produce results for development and behaviour. Parents have a right to contribute to the decision making according to the Code of Practice as does a child have the right to be involved in choices and preferences .This is a good idea as each child is a sensitive individual with individual needs. Having this parental partnership helps outside agencies such as Social Services , Speech and Language therapists , Doctors and Paediatricians form a clearer picture and understanding of the child they are involved with and are able to build on this knowledge to know where their child is in their learning and development to give them the best help , For example a Physiotherapist will suggest exercises to do at home , a Speech and Language therapist would devise a plan that would be implemented at school and home. A Social worker will also have a vital role in supporting a family with a SEN Child giving support and guidance where necessary and also practical help. As children with SEN are seen to be potentially vulnerable they also help with their protection and safe guarding and working closely with a family is the best way to do this. Parents will often need additional information to help support their child in the best way as this will be a new experience and learning curve for them too. Additional information would help these parents and support them in preparing them for meetings they would need to attend. A parent will also need their own personal support as this is an emotional and difficult time they are trying to cope with. They should be respected and contact should be professional but with understanding and compassion as sometimes there is unacceptance of the situation too. Each school now has to have a designated member of staff as a SENCO who is responsible for providing provision for each child. The SEN code of practice says they must ensure each child should be valued and equality and inclusion must be provided and early intervention where required. Details of the SEN policy have to be provided for parents and carers and support when required. It is so important for parental involvement to continue with all these different parties and for strategies to be worked out together for the best interests of the child. Describe how PR actioners can adapt their existing practice to support children with disabilities or specific requirements†¦ It is the responsibility of the setting or employer to make sure premises are suitable to cater for the needs of all children with disabilities, so they can participate within their school and their community. The environment is a key factor to helping support the children , access to a building is vital ,this could be achieved with a ramp , possibly a lift or simply moving a classroom to a more accessible place i.e. nearer the entrance. It is important to look at the child’s actual disability, to look what they are able and aren’t able to do. For example if a child has limited movement and in a wheelchair, to adapt the area might include changing the table layout, a door entrance widened to accommodate a wheelchair. Resources would need to be kept at a lower level (but not on the floor) and labelled so the child can reach them, maybe choosing the activities and resources they prefer at an achievable independent level. Any floor activities could be adapted for a child to do at the table and be changed to adapt a wheelchair. If a child is visually impaired you would need to make sure they have a seat at the front of the class enabling them a better view of the whiteboard and t eacher, maybe a magnifying glass. It might be possible to have Audio Description, as hearing is heightened when vision is impaired. Labels around the classroom and lots of sensory and tactile resources should be available. It might be that resources need to be in braille and assisted help required. A visually impaired child would benefit from a classroom not being changed around so they are familiar with the layout of the room and can avoid obstacles and move about safely. You need to look at a classroom from a child’s view and adapt with this mind set, it is also important for the area to be regularly checked for safety reasons and the children should be encouraged to help to understand the importance of this . All ages and stage appropriate activities need to readily available. SEN children may also need additional help with their personal care, fastening buttons and zips; these can be made easier with Velcro fastenings to encourage independence. Some children find it difficult to make their own choices and feelings; this can be helped with visual aids such as a choice board to enable a child to make a simpler independent choice or a feelings board to express their emotions appropriately. For inclusion to work the adults involved have to have a positive attitude to any changes and adaptations needed. Practitioners should ensure activities and resources are ability appropriate and meet each child’s individual needs. Positive beliefs and a passion to help the children will help build an environment inclusive to all.